[tutorial] Top 20 Basic Linux Commands
1 message · started by Devi Garcia on Jul 29, 2020
[tutorial] Top 20 Basic Linux Commands
From Devi Garcia · Jul 29, 2020
In this Tutorial, You Learn about Top 20 Basic Linux Commands from this tutorial. Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel.
The pwd command writes the full pathname of the current working directory to the standard output.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ pwd /mnt/techsolbox_dir techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $2. ls command #
The ls command supports showing a variety of information about files.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls data1a data2b data3c data5a files10.txt files2.txt files4.txt files6.txt files8.txt data1b data2c data4a data5b files1.pdf files3.pdf files5.pdf files7.pdf files9.pdf data1c data3a data4b data5c files1.txt files3.txt files5.txt files7.txt files9.txt data2a data3b data4c files10.pdf files2.pdf files4.pdf files6.pdf files8.pdf techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $3. cd command #
The cd command is used to change the current directory.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ pwd /mnt/techsolbox_dir techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cd data2a/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir/data2a $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir/data2a $ pwd /mnt/techsolbox_dir/data2a techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir/data2a $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir/data2a $4. cp command #
This cp command is used to copy files or group of files or directory.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls data1a data2b data3c data5a files10.txt files2.txt files4.txt files6.txt files8.txt data1b data2c data4a data5b files1.pdf files3.pdf files5.pdf files7.pdf files9.pdf data1c data3a data4b data5c files1.txt files3.txt files5.txt files7.txt files9.txt data2a data3b data4c files10.pdf files2.pdf files4.pdf files6.pdf files8.pdf techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cp files1.txt files2.pdf data1b/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls data1b/ files1.txt files2.pdf techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $5. cat command #
The cat command is one of the most frequently used commands in Linux/Unix like operating systems. cat command allows us to create single or multiple files, view contain a file, concatenate files, and redirect output in terminal or files.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat files1.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $6. mv command #
mv is a Unix command that moves one or more files or directories from one place to another.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls files1.txt files1.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls data2c/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ mv files1.txt data2c/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls file1.txt ls: cannot access 'file1.txt': No such file or directory techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls data2c/ files1.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $7. rm command #
rm is a basic command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems used to remove objects such as computer files.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls files4.pdf files4.pdf techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ rm files4.pdf techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls files4.pdf ls: cannot access 'files4.pdf': No such file or directory techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $8. rmdir command #
As the name suggests, the rmdir command is focused at removing directories, although empty-ones only. Following is its syntax:
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls -d data3c data3c techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ rmdir data3c techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls -d data3c ls: cannot access 'data3c': No such file or directory techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $9. mkdir command #
The mkdir command in the Unix, DOS, DR FlexOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS operating systems is used to make a new directory.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls -d techsolbox ls: cannot access 'techsolbox': No such file or directory techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ mkdir techsolbox techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls -d techsolbox techsolbox techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $10. touch command #
touch is a basic Linux command to create empty files or change files timestamps (last date or time of file access or modification).
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls LinuxWorld.txt ls: cannot access 'LinuxWorld.txt': No such file or directory techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ touch LinuxWorld.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ls LinuxWorld.txt LinuxWorld.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $11. ln command #
ln command is used to create hard links and soft links for files in Linux. Let’s discuss all the three forms one by one.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ln -s $PWD/files3.txt $PWD/data1a/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ echo $PWD /mnt/techsolbox_dir techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat data1a/files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ echo "New Data" >> data1a/files3.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. New Data techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $12. head command #
The head command is a command-line utility for outputting the first part of files given to it via standard input.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. New Data Hello User Hello User from TechSolBox Linux is an open-source kernel. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ head -n 2 files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. New Data techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $13. sudo command #
The Sudo command allows you to run programs as another user, by default the root user. If you spend a lot of time on the command line, sudo is one of the commands that you will use quite frequently.
user@redaakash-Akki ~ $ whoami user user@redaakash-Akki ~ $ user@redaakash-Akki ~ $ sudo su - techsolbox No directory, logging in with HOME=/ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki / $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki / $14. tail command #
The Linux tail command displays data from the end of a file.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ cat files3.txt TechSolBox is a leading Website Development company in Gurgaon. We offer Python, Linux development and Digital Marketing service to grow the business. New Data Hello User Hello User from TechSolBox Linux is an open-source kernel. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ tail -n 2 files3.txt Hello User from TechSolBox Linux is an open-source kernel. techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $15. df command #
df is a standard Unix command used to display the amount of available disk space for file systems on which the invoking user has appropriate read access.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 162M 1.5G 11% /run /dev/sda1 902G 354G 502G 42% / tmpfs 7.8G 177M 7.7G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop0 90M 90M 0 100% /snap/core/6673 /dev/loop3 89M 89M 0 100% /snap/core/6964 /dev/loop2 90M 90M 0 100% /snap/core/6818 /dev/loop1 374M 374M 0 100% /snap/anbox/154 cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /var/lib/lxd/shmounts tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /var/lib/lxd/devlxd tmpfs 1.6G 48K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $16. du command #
The du command, short for disk usage reports the estimated amount of disk space used by given files or directories.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ du -sh files3.txt 4.0K files3.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ du -sh DataFile.txt 40M DataFile.txt techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $17. free command #
The free command gives information about used and unused memory usage and swap memory of a system. By default, it displays memory in kb (kilobytes).
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 15G 3.0G 6.4G 612M 6.1G 11G
Swap: 15G 0B 15G
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $
18. ifconfig command # ifconfig is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ ifconfig lo
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:40242 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:40242 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2891681 (2.8 MB) TX bytes:2891681 (2.8 MB)
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $
19. uname command # uname is a command-line utility that prints basic information about the operating system name and system hardware.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ uname -a Linux redaakash-Akki 4.10.0-42-generic #46~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Dec 4 15:57:59 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $20. man command #
The man command is used to view a system’s reference manuals. The command gives users access to manual pages for command-line utilities and tools.
techsolbox@redaakash-Akki /mnt/techsolbox_dir $ man touch
In this tutorial, You learned about the top 20 basic Linux commands and how you can use these commands. Now you can easily use these commands in your Linux system. Explore more Linux tutorials from our community.
