Hope I got this straight, and this is the place to post questions:
Have made a persistent USB of Ubuntu 18.04. Which worked fine until I tried to boot my mac mini (2009) It booted fine for a couple of times then the boot partition got messed up. It won't even boot on a PC now. Here's the error message:
(initramfs) Mount: mounting/cow on/root failed: Invalid argument overlay mount failed.

Hope I got this straight, and this is the place to post questions:

Have made a persistent USB of Ubuntu 18.04. Which worked fine until I tried to boot my mac mini (2009) It booted fine for a couple of times then the boot partition got messed up. It won't even boot on a PC now. Here's the error message:

(initramfs) Mount: mounting/cow on/root failed: Invalid argument overlay mount failed.

I put a lot of time into creating and setting this up with apps etc. Is there a way to rectify this? 

Thanks, Charles

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?
here is the full text from the package:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux < chazbreaux@gmail.com > wrote:
/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia < asphyxiated.god@gmail.com > wrote:
All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:
  ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...
On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux < chazbreaux@gmail.com > wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are
you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the
case, you can read the How to Install from the manual. 

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

thanks for the clarification Rex.
I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
"You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to

thanks for the clarification Rex.

• I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
  

• "You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to execute shell scripts from the graphical interface or the command line. Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory. Right click on start-tor-browser.desktop, open Properties or Preferences and change the permission to allow executing file as program. Double-click the icon to start up Tor Browser for the first time."

• And, Does this mean that just extracting the file installed it?
  

While I have you on the line: I am now %100 ubuntu on all my computers, but 20.04 does not recognize the wifi card/driver in my mac mini , at least after much research online I conclude that is the problem because the wifi works fine when I run a mac os on an ext drive....i believe I have discerned the info about my mac driver -- see attached file:

but I can not find online what the command line is to install the mac driver... if you or someone online can tell me what that command would be, I would really appreciate it -- can't even finish installing ubuntu until I get online....

• 
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 8:18 AM Rex Bouwense <majb@azloco.com> wrote:

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

Alternatively, from inside the Tor Browser directory, you can also start from the command line by running:
./start-tor-browser.desktop    "tor browser directory'????? the download extracted folder is on my desktop...
On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:37 AM Charles Breaux < chazbreaux@gmail.com > wrote:

• Alternatively, from inside the Tor Browser directory, you can also start from the command line by running:

  ./start-tor-browser.desktop    "tor browser directory'????? the download extracted folder is on my desktop...
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:37 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

thanks for the clarification Rex.

• I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
  

• "You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to execute shell scripts from the graphical interface or the command line. Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory. Right click on start-tor-browser.desktop, open Properties or Preferences and change the permission to allow executing file as program. Double-click the icon to start up Tor Browser for the first time."

• And, Does this mean that just extracting the file installed it?
  

While I have you on the line: I am now %100 ubuntu on all my computers, but 20.04 does not recognize the wifi card/driver in my mac mini , at least after much research online I conclude that is the problem because the wifi works fine when I run a mac os on an ext drive....i believe I have discerned the info about my mac driver -- see attached file:

but I can not find online what the command line is to install the mac driver... if you or someone online can tell me what that command would be, I would really appreciate it -- can't even finish installing ubuntu until I get online....

• 
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 8:18 AM Rex Bouwense <majb@azloco.com> wrote:

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

https://itectec.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-how-to-activate-wifi-on-bcm4364-using-brcmfac-driver-firmware/
as far as "running scripts on linux "by default" permissions are not to allow it... you need to find the file labeled "installer" or "install" or something like that and right click it and enable the execute permissions checkbox.. then you run that command from the terminal... or you can terminal command to change permissions if so wish.. 
On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:40 AM Charles Breaux < chazbreaux@gmail.com > wrote:

https://itectec.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-how-to-activate-wifi-on-bcm4364-using-brcmfac-driver-firmware/

as far as "running scripts on linux "by default" permissions are not to allow it... you need to find the file labeled "installer" or "install" or something like that and right click it and enable the execute permissions checkbox.. then you run that command from the terminal... or you can terminal command to change permissions if so wish.. 

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:40 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

• Alternatively, from inside the Tor Browser directory, you can also start from the command line by running:

  ./start-tor-browser.desktop    "tor browser directory'????? the download extracted folder is on my desktop...
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:37 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

thanks for the clarification Rex.

• I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
  

• "You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to execute shell scripts from the graphical interface or the command line. Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory. Right click on start-tor-browser.desktop, open Properties or Preferences and change the permission to allow executing file as program. Double-click the icon to start up Tor Browser for the first time."

• And, Does this mean that just extracting the file installed it?
  

While I have you on the line: I am now %100 ubuntu on all my computers, but 20.04 does not recognize the wifi card/driver in my mac mini , at least after much research online I conclude that is the problem because the wifi works fine when I run a mac os on an ext drive....i believe I have discerned the info about my mac driver -- see attached file:

but I can not find online what the command line is to install the mac driver... if you or someone online can tell me what that command would be, I would really appreciate it -- can't even finish installing ubuntu until I get online....

• 
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 8:18 AM Rex Bouwense <majb@azloco.com> wrote:

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

well, there is no file labeled installer or install...
I'll just add that I have brought computers to the meetings and asked a number of times how to extract and install compressed files. I even asked for a meeting where the group can be instructed in this, but after 2 years and looking for help online, it's still Greek to me (i.e. geek language I do not understand)
On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:59 AM Devi Garcia < asphyxiated.god@gmail.com > wrote:

well, there is no file labeled installer or install...

I'll just add that I have brought computers to the meetings and asked a number of times how to extract and install compressed files. I even asked for a meeting where the group can be instructed in this, but after 2 years and looking for help online, it's still Greek to me (i.e. geek language I do not understand)

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:59 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

https://itectec.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-how-to-activate-wifi-on-bcm4364-using-brcmfac-driver-firmware/

as far as "running scripts on linux "by default" permissions are not to allow it... you need to find the file labeled "installer" or "install" or something like that and right click it and enable the execute permissions checkbox.. then you run that command from the terminal... or you can terminal command to change permissions if so wish.. 

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:40 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

• Alternatively, from inside the Tor Browser directory, you can also start from the command line by running:

  ./start-tor-browser.desktop    "tor browser directory'????? the download extracted folder is on my desktop...
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:37 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

thanks for the clarification Rex.

• I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
  

• "You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to execute shell scripts from the graphical interface or the command line. Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory. Right click on start-tor-browser.desktop, open Properties or Preferences and change the permission to allow executing file as program. Double-click the icon to start up Tor Browser for the first time."

• And, Does this mean that just extracting the file installed it?
  

While I have you on the line: I am now %100 ubuntu on all my computers, but 20.04 does not recognize the wifi card/driver in my mac mini , at least after much research online I conclude that is the problem because the wifi works fine when I run a mac os on an ext drive....i believe I have discerned the info about my mac driver -- see attached file:

but I can not find online what the command line is to install the mac driver... if you or someone online can tell me what that command would be, I would really appreciate it -- can't even finish installing ubuntu until I get online....

• 
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 8:18 AM Rex Bouwense <majb@azloco.com> wrote:

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser

  start-tor-browser.desktop  seems to be an installer file from all the logs if you read the past emails.. its file you'd run..  the installer is the file that needs the execute permission.
On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 10:10 AM Charles Breaux < chazbreaux@gmail.com > wrote:
well, there is no file labeled installer or install...

  start-tor-browser.desktop  seems to be an installer file from all the logs if you read the past emails.. its file you'd run..  the installer is the file that needs the execute permission.

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 10:10 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

well, there is no file labeled installer or install...

I'll just add that I have brought computers to the meetings and asked a number of times how to extract and install compressed files. I even asked for a meeting where the group can be instructed in this, but after 2 years and looking for help online, it's still Greek to me (i.e. geek language I do not understand)

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:59 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

https://itectec.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-how-to-activate-wifi-on-bcm4364-using-brcmfac-driver-firmware/

as far as "running scripts on linux "by default" permissions are not to allow it... you need to find the file labeled "installer" or "install" or something like that and right click it and enable the execute permissions checkbox.. then you run that command from the terminal... or you can terminal command to change permissions if so wish.. 

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:40 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

• Alternatively, from inside the Tor Browser directory, you can also start from the command line by running:

  ./start-tor-browser.desktop    "tor browser directory'????? the download extracted folder is on my desktop...
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 9:37 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

thanks for the clarification Rex.

• I have extracted the file, it is in a folder on my desktop. ("Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory"?????) I have right clicked on start-tor-browser.desktop, and changed the permission to allow executing the program, but where is the tor icon to click on? there are 40 items in the download extracted folder, but i see no icon anywhere...
  

• "You'll need to tell your GNU/Linux that you want the ability to execute shell scripts from the graphical interface or the command line. Navigate to the newly extracted Tor Browser directory. Right click on start-tor-browser.desktop, open Properties or Preferences and change the permission to allow executing file as program. Double-click the icon to start up Tor Browser for the first time."

• And, Does this mean that just extracting the file installed it?
  

While I have you on the line: I am now %100 ubuntu on all my computers, but 20.04 does not recognize the wifi card/driver in my mac mini , at least after much research online I conclude that is the problem because the wifi works fine when I run a mac os on an ext drive....i believe I have discerned the info about my mac driver -- see attached file:

but I can not find online what the command line is to install the mac driver... if you or someone online can tell me what that command would be, I would really appreciate it -- can't even finish installing ubuntu until I get online....

• 
  

On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 8:18 AM Rex Bouwense <majb@azloco.com> wrote:

You folks are confusing me.  @Charles what are you trying to do?  Merely install the Tor Browser?  If that is the case, you can read the How to Install from the manual.  https://tb-manual.torproject.org/installation/  It has additional information for installing on Ubuntu operating systems (which I believe you have).  It appears what you have included in your email from the downloaded package is identical to the instructions from the manual.  Devi was trying to warn you about web sites that you might try go to merely because you want to read what might be called uncensored or real news.  Some of them are dangerous and should be avoided because they are occasionally populated by Black Hat hackers who are experts at getting data from your computer.  That said, merely installing the Tor Browser poses no such danger.  How you use it may.
Rex

On 2/5/21 5:46 AM, T Tech Computers LLC wrote:

Y’all don’t remember that movie called “Surrogates” with Bruce Willis? Or did I just show my age ? Lol what about “Minority Report”? Or just the other day I watched “The Sixth Day” and all I could do is shake my head lol!!!!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 4, 2021, at 9:21 PM, Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:



ha, just watched a new sci fi flick Bliss where there are real and unreal people, and worlds...

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

that's why I asked...learned not to put stuff in the terminal that I didn't know for sure...thanks for your "real" answer.

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:30 AM Devi Garcia <asphyxiated.god@gmail.com> wrote:

All that looks like is an app script/shortcut for a tor browser... but if you don't really know what you're fully running on your computer and its getting into this type of territory "censorship" or not.. i'd tred pretty lighty.. before.. your whole computer is exposed just because you're running everything you can because you think you want to read the "real news"... 

On Thu, Feb 4, 2021 at 10:20 AM Charles Breaux <chazbreaux@gmail.com> wrote:

/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop

with increasing censorship of "real" news media many news sites are moving to the thor network. I have download and extracted the file, but have no idea how to install it. is all I have to do is put the above command in the terminal?

here is the full text from the package:

#!/usr/bin/env ./Browser/execdesktop
#
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'
#
# If you use --register-app, and then relocate your TBB directory, Tor Browser
# will no longer launch from your desktop's app launcher/dock. However, if you
# re-run --register-app from inside that new directory, the script
# will correct the absolute paths and re-register itself.
#
# This file will also still function if the path changes when TBB is used as a
# portable app, so long as it is run directly from that new directory, either
# via the shell or via the file manager.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser Setup
GenericName=Web Browser
Comment=Tor Browser is +1 for privacy and −1 for mass surveillance
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;Security;
Exec=sh -c '"$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach || ([ ! -x "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k
X-TorBrowser-ExecShell=./Browser/start-tor-browser --detach
Icon=web-browser
StartupWMClass=Tor Browser